They act by increasing cyclic AMP production in Malpighian tubules and appear to stimulate cation ( K + / Na + ) transport.
12.
The rectal or cryptonephric complex is a structure in which the terminal parts of the Malpighian tubules are closely associated with the rectum.
13.
Excretion and osmoregulation in insects are not orchestrated by the Malpighian tubules alone, but require a joint function of the ileum and / or rectum.
14.
The insect excretory system, responsible for regulating water balance in the insect, comprises the Malpighian tubules and the hindgut ( the ileum and rectum ).
15.
Malpighian tubules secrete primary urine, most of which is passed into the hindgut where water, ions and essential metabolites are reabsorbed before the fluid is excreted.
16.
The number of Malpighian tubules possessed by a given insect varies between species, ranging from only two tubules in some insects to over 100 tubules in others.
17.
What is known is the malpighian tubules of " C . stygia " are connected with reduced levels of morphine in the fly's systems.
18.
Some tardigrades have three tubular glands associated with the rectum; these may be excretory organs similar to the Malpighian tubules of arthropods, although the details remain unclear.
19.
The excretory glands of arachnids include up to four pairs of coxal glands along the side of the prosoma, and one or two pairs of Malpighian tubules, emptying into the gut.
20.
For example, in vivo experiments have demonstrated that the fluid secreted by the Malpighian tubules of the desert beetle, Onymacris plana is directed to the midgut for recycling to the haemolymph.
