The switchboard was an essential component of a manual telephone exchange, and was operated by switchboard operators who used electrical cords or switches to establish the connections.
12.
On 23 May 1909, the first manual telephone exchange with a 50 line capacity entered service in the B�y�k Postane ( Grand Post Office ) in Sirkeci.
13.
The original in ( 6.35 mm ) version dates from 1878, when it was used for manual telephone exchanges, making it the oldest electrical connector standard still in use.
14.
In 2010, the farms surrounding Groot Marico were among the last in South Africa to still be connected through party lines to a manual telephone exchange, which require callers to ask an operator to connect them to other telephone lines by pushing jacks into slots.
15.
One of the last manual telephone exchanges with party lines in Australia was closed down in 1986 in the township of Collarenebri, where most town residents had a telephone number of only three digits, and to make a call outside the exchange area it was necessary to call the exchange to place a call.
