| 11. | Because austempering does not produce martensite, the steel does not require further tempering.
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| 12. | This reduces the amount of total martensite by changing some of it to ferrite.
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| 13. | The range of alloys available produced either mixed microstructures or excessive amounts of Martensite.
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| 14. | A tempered outer ring of martensite, 2.
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| 15. | This turns the heated portion into very hard martensite, but leaves the rest unchanged.
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| 16. | Davenport and Bain originally described the microstructure as being similar in appearance to tempered martensite.
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| 17. | Further heating reduces the martensite even more, transforming the unstable carbides into stable cementite.
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| 18. | Howe and Foley investigated the hardening of steel and the formation and tempering of martensite.
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| 19. | Since ductile FeNi martensites are formed upon cooling, cracks are non-existent or negligible.
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| 20. | The R-phase is another martensitic phase that competes with the martensite phase mentioned above.
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