In these societies, especially those in which polygynous marriage has been practiced, the family unit is considered on two levels, the matrifocal and the patrifocal.
12.
The matrifocal is distinguished from the matrilineal, matrilateral and matriarchy ( the last because matrifocality does not imply that women have power in the larger community ).
13.
This gender partnership was a core component of a more egalitarian, peaceful, and matrifocal culture with a focus on life-giving, centering on nurture.
14.
He increasingly emphasises how the Afro-Caribbean matrifocal family is best understood within of a class-race hierarchy where marriage is connected to perceived status and prestige.
15.
The family structure that results from the marriage strategies of the English speaking Caribbean, often called the matrifocal family, was first described and identified by Nancie Gonzalez in her work on the Garifuna of Nicaragua and Belize.
16.
One of R . T . Smith's contemporary critics, M . G . Smith, notes that while households may appear matrifocal taken by themselves, the " linkages between " households may be patrifocal.
17.
In feminist belief ( more common in the 1970s than in the 1990s 2000s and criticized within feminism and within archaeology, anthropology, and theology as lacking a scholarly basis ), there was a " matrifocal ( if not matriarchal ) Golden Age " before patriarchy.
18.
Bemba numbered 250, 000 in 1963 but a much larger population includes some'eighteen different ethnic groups'who, together with the Bemba, form a closely related ethno-linguistic cluster of matrilineal-matrifocal agriculturalists known as the Bemba-speaking peoples of Zambia.
19.
Smith emphasises that a matrifocal family is not simply woman-centred, but rather mother-centred; women in their role as mothers become key to organising the family group; men tend to be marginal to this organisation and to the household ( though they may have a more central role in other networks ).
20.
Family is a matrifocal ( a mother and her children ); conjugal ( a husband, his wife, and children; also called nuclear family ); avuncular ( a brother, his sister, and her children ); or extended family in which parents and children co-reside with other members of one parent's family.
