As of 2008, the best constraints for the supermassive black hole mass per cubic megaparsec in the local universe derived from the SoBtan argument is between 2-5 x 10 5 solar masses.
12.
In one of the first bouts, Wendy Freedman of the Carnegie Observatories in Pasadena, California, announced her current estimate of the Hubble constant _ 70, give or take 10, kilometers per second per megaparsec.
13.
So for every megaparsec, every 3.26 million light-years, that a galaxy is from Earth, it will be seen to recede by 80 kilometers per second, or about 60, 000 miles per hour.
14.
That means that a galaxy appears to be flying away at a rate of 70 kilometers per second per megaparsec, or 160, 000 miles per hour faster for every 3.26 million light-years away from Earth.
15.
The largest radio galaxies have lobes or plumes extending to megaparsec scales ( more in the case of giant radio galaxies like 3C236 ), implying a timescale for growth of the order of tens to hundreds of millions of years.
16.
That means that a galaxy appears to be flying away at a rate of 70 kilometers per second per megaparsec, or 160, 000 miles per hour faster for every 3.26 light-years it is away from Earth.
17.
It is 70 kilometers per second per megaparsec _ that is, 160, 000 miles per hour faster for every 3.26 million light-years of distance from Earth, not for every 3.26 light-years.
18.
That's an unprecedented precision, considering that past calculations have varied from as slow as 50 to as fast as 100 kilometers per second for every 3.3 light-years of distance _ a distance known in cosmology as a megaparsec.
19.
For example, he said, the Hubble parameter ( expressed on the plaque as H ( EQ ) 70km / s / Mpc ), is the expansion rate of the universe : 70 kilometers per second, over a distance of one megaparsec.
20.
A research team led by Dr . Mario Hamuy and Dr . Mark Phillips, astronomers at the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory in Chile, said their measurements of 25 supernovas had yielded an expansion rate of 60 to 70 kilometers per second per megaparsec.
