With a minimum alveolar concentration ( MAC ) of 0.16 %, methoxyflurane is an extremely potent anesthetic agent.
12.
Miller and his team continued to develop organofluorine chemistry after the end of World War II and methoxyflurane was synthesized in 1948.
13.
As of 2010, methoxyflurane was listed under the Australian Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme for the initial management of pain due to acute patient transport.
14.
A study published in 1973 by Cousins and Mazze demonstrated that compared with halothane, methoxyflurane produces dose-dependent and deleterious abnormalities in renal function.
15.
In 1968, Robert Wexler of Abbott Laboratories developed the Analgizer, a disposable inhaler that allowed the self-administration of methoxyflurane vapor in air for analgesia.
16.
The concurrent formation of inorganic fluoride and DCAA is unique to methoxyflurane biotransformation compared with other volatile anesthetics, and this combination is more toxic than fluoride alone.
17.
Because of its low volatility and very high boiling point ( 104.8 �C at 1 atmosphere ), methoxyflurane has a low vapor pressure at anesthetic vaporizers.
18.
This may explain why fluoride formation from methoxyflurane is associated with nephrotoxicity, while fluoride formation from other volatile anesthetics ( such as enflurane and sevoflurane ) is not.
19.
The obsolete ( as an anaesthetic ) agent methoxyflurane had a nephrotoxic effect and caused acute renal failure, usually attributed to the liberation of fluoride ions from its metabolism.
20.
The Analgizer inhaler was withdrawn in 1974, but use of methoxyflurane as a sedative and analgesic continues in Australia and New Zealand in the form of the Penthrox inhaler.
