For the treatment of moderate and severe chronic circulatory disorders of peripheral arteries ( e . g ., arteriosclerosis obliterans, thromboangiitis obliterans, diabetic microangiopathy and Raynaud's phenomenon ).
12.
In the acute stage, lasting a few weeks, the affected eye demonstrates an edematous appearance of the nerve fiber layer especially in the arcuate bundles and enlarged or telangiectatic and tortuous peripapillary vessels ( microangiopathy ).
13.
In microangiopathy, the walls of the smaller blood vessels become so thick and weak that they cells and biological tissues ( called ischemia ) and leads to cellular death ( necrosis and gangrene, which in turn may require amputation ).
14.
Initial therapy included the utilization of therapeutic plasma exchange, a mainstay initial treatment for TTP . However, Miller et al . reported no ADAMTS13 activity deficiency nor identifiable antibody to ADAMTS13 as seen in TTP indicating a thrombotic microangiopathy of different underlying etiology.
15.
A further danger of insulin treatment is that while diabetic microangiopathy is usually explained as the result of hyperglycemia, studies in rats indicate that the higher than normal level of insulin diabetics inject to control their hyperglycemia may itself promote small blood vessel disease.
16.
The disease affects both children and adults and is characterized by systemic thrombotic microangiopathy ( TMA ), the formation of blood clots in small blood vessels throughout the body, which can lead to stroke, heart attack, kidney failure, and death.
17.
Both STEC-HUS and aHUS cause endothelial damage, leukocyte activation, platelet activation, and widespread inflammation and multiple thromboses in the small blood vessels, a condition known as systemic thrombotic microangiopathy ( TMA ), which leads to thrombotic events as well as organ damage / failure and death.
18.
Etiologically, four main causes are responsible for the development of heart failure in DCM : microangiopathy and related endothelial dysfunction, autonomic neuropathy, metabolic alterations that include abnormal glucose use and increased fatty acid oxidation, generation and accumulation of free radicals, and alterations in ion homeostasis, especially calcium transients.
19.
"' Cerebroretinal microangiopathy with calcifications and cysts ( CRMCC ) "'is a rare genetic disorder, which affects multiple compound heterozygous mutations in the "'conserved telomere maintenance component 1 ( " CTC1 " ) gene "', but its exact pathophysiology is still not well understood.
20.
Patients with HUS commonly exhibit the signs and symptoms of thrombotic microangiopathy ( TMA ), which can include abdominal pain, low platelet count, elevated lactate dehydrogenase LDH, a chemical released from damaged cells, and which is therefore a marker of cellular damage ) decreased haptoglobin ( indicative of the breakdown of red blood cells ) proteinuria ( indicative of kidney injury ), confusion, edema ( swelling ), nausea / vomiting, and diarrhea.
