| 11. | This may be replaced with a physical shorting plane to create a quarter-wavelength microstrip antenna.
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| 12. | Miniaturisation also leads to favouring microstrip because its disadvantages are not so severe in a miniaturised circuit.
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| 13. | Metamaterials can eliminate dispersion along the microstrip by correcting for the frequency dependence of the effective permittivity.
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| 14. | To ensure this, the designer must take the high-frequency characteristics of the microstrip into account.
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| 15. | The disadvantages of microstrip compared with waveguide are the generally lower power handling capacity, and higher losses.
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| 16. | The optimum mitre for a wide range of microstrip geometries has been determined experimentally by Douville and James.
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| 17. | In some technologies, including the widely used microstrip, series connections are difficult or impossible to implement.
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| 18. | This is particularly a problem with printed technologies, such as microstrip, when implementing high characteristic impedances.
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| 19. | Designs for microstrip-based converters for amateur radio frequencies were adapted for the 4 GHz C-band.
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| 20. | Transmission lines such as microstrip, coplanar waveguide, stripline or coax may also be considered to be waveguides.
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