The motor theory of speech perception proposed by Alvin Liberman and colleagues at the Haskins Laboratories argues that the identification of words is embodied in perception of the bodily movements by which spoken words are made.
12.
Carol Fowler proposed a direct realism theory of speech perception : listeners perceive gestures not by means of a specialized decoder, as in the motor theory, but because information in the acoustic signal specifies the gestures that form it.
13.
Lenneberg's biological approach to language was related to developments such as the motor theory of speech perception developed by Alvin Liberman and colleagues at Haskins Laboratories and also provided historical antecedents to issues now emerging in embodied philosophy and embodied cognition.
14.
He suggested that CP was unique to speech, that CP made speech special, and, in what came to be called " the motor theory of speech perception, " he suggested that CP's explanation lay in the anatomy of speech production.
15.
According to the ( now abandoned ) motor theory of speech perception, the reason people perceive an abrupt change between / ba / and / pa / is that the way we hear speech sounds is influenced by how people produce them when they speak.
16.
This evolved into the contemporary definition of CP, which is no longer peculiar to speech or dependent on the motor theory : CP occurs whenever perceived within-category differences are compressed and / or between-category differences are separated, relative to some baseline of comparison.
17.
The main difference is that the " phonemes " are produced on the outside of the body, articulated with hands, body, and facial expression, rather than inside the body articulated with tongue, teeth, lips, and breathing . ( Compare the motor theory of speech perception .)
18.
To provide a theoretical account of the categorical perception data, Liberman and colleagues worked out the motor theory of speech perception, where " the complicated articulatory encoding was assumed to be decoded in the perception of speech by the same processes that are involved in production " and even later to intended articulatory gestures, thus " the neural representation of the utterance that determines the speaker's production is the distal object the listener perceives ".
