| 11. | The van der Waals force between a pair of neutral atoms is a similar effect.
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| 12. | The trick was to create neutral atoms, a Penning trap is useless at containing neutral atoms.
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| 13. | :3 ) The atomic number is the number of protons and electrons in a neutral atom.
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| 14. | In a neutral atom, the negatively charged electrons balance out the positive charge of the protons.
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| 15. | Neutral atoms gain or lose electrons and become charged ions that then pass into the electrolyte.
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| 16. | As the universe cools down, the electrons get captured by the ions, forming electrically neutral atoms.
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| 17. | The trick was to create neutral atoms, a Penning trap is useless at containing neutral atoms.
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| 18. | :: The number of protons has to equal the number of electrons in an electrically neutral atom.
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| 19. | This can not occur for neutral atoms with low-lying bound states which are already filled by electrons.
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| 20. | These neutral atoms then strike the cathode.
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