| 11. | These have now largely been replaced by KTN ( potassium tantalate niobate ) and barium titanate ( BaTiO3 ).
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| 12. | For polarization controllers with automatic feedback, integrated optical lithium niobate ( LiNbO 3 ) devices are very suitable.
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| 13. | That means that if lithium niobate is exposed to an electric field, light will travel more slowly through it.
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| 14. | Typical technologies employed for high speed response include liquid crystal variable attenuator ( LCVA ), or lithium niobate devices.
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| 15. | However, lithium niobate, lithium tantalate, and other perovskites are impermeable to the standard techniques of material patterning.
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| 16. | Some popular materials in current use are potassium titanyl phosphate ( KTP ), lithium niobate, and lithium tantalate.
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| 17. | Strontium Barium Niobate is a normal ferroelectric for Barium-rich compositions and becomes a relaxor ferroelectric with increasing strontium content.
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| 18. | There are also new single-crystal materials commercially available such as Lead Magnesium Niobate-Lead Titanate ( PMN-PT ).
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| 19. | These metallic electrodes are deposited on the surface of a piezoelectric substrate, such as quartz or lithium niobate, to form a periodic structure.
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| 20. | With a suitable range of periods, output wavelengths from 700 nm to 5000 nm can be generated in periodically poled lithium niobate ( PPLN ).
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