| 11. | It is used to activate ketones and aldehydes toward nucleophilic addition by formation of enamines:
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| 12. | It is usually faster than nucleophilic addition and can sometimes exceed the rate of proton transfer.
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| 13. | Similarly, the F�rst-Plattner rule applies to nucleophilic additions to imines and halonium ions.
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| 14. | In 1978, Mingos, Stephen G . Davies and nucleophilic additions will occur on pi ligands.
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| 15. | Selectivity in nucleophilic additions to chiral aldehydes is often explained by the Felkin-Anh model ( see figure ).
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| 16. | In one application t-Bu-P4 is employed in a nucleophilic addition converting the pivaldehyde to the alcohol:
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| 17. | On the other hand, some nucleophilic addition reactions involving addition to a carbonyl group in general show the opposite trend.
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| 18. | A look at the whole reaction path indicates that the rate-determining step in this process is the nucleophilic addition.
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| 19. | Top to bottom : electrophilic addition to alkene, nucleophilic addition of nucleophile to carbonyl and free radical addition of halide to alkene
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| 20. | And organostannane additions ( nucleophilic addition of an allyl-, allenyl-, or propargylstannanes to an aldehydes and imines ).
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