| 11. | Obliquity of the ecliptic for 20, 000 years, from Laskar ( 1986 ).
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| 12. | Obliquity based on DE200, which analyzed observations from 1911 to 1979, was calculated:
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| 13. | This will be associated with wild swings in the obliquity of the ecliptic as well.
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| 14. | In this figure is the obliquity, while } } is the eccentricity of the ellipse.
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| 15. | Mars changes its obliquity from about 15?to 35?in cycles of 120, 000 years.
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| 16. | Note that the obliquity varies only from 24.2?to 22.5?during this time.
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| 17. | The value 23.44?is the obliquity ( tilt ) of the Earth's axis.
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| 18. | During periods of high obliquity ( axial tilt ) the polar regions receive higher levels of sunlight.
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| 19. | When the obliquity is higher, the poles receive more sunlight, and those materials migrate away.
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| 20. | Mars has a 124, 000-year obliquity cycle compared to 41, 000 years for Earth.
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