�obankara et al . ( 2004 ) determined the effect of the smear layer on apical and coronal leakage in root canals obturated with AH26 or RoekoSeal sealers.
12.
Tests have shown that steel-cased Wolf cases do not obturate sufficiently to form a good gas seal against the chamber when compared to brass-cased ammunition.
13.
Tissue or biofilm remnants along such un-instrumented recesses may lead to failure due to both inadequate disinfection and the inability to properly obturate the root-canal space.
14.
Yildirim et al . ( 2008 ) investigated the effect of the smear layer on apical microleakage in teeth obturated with MTA . Fifty single-rooted central maxillary teeth were used in this study.
15.
Until the advent of the hollow-base Mini?ball, which obturates upon firing to seal the bore and engage the rifling, the patch provided the best means of getting the projectile to engage the rifling.
16.
A "'nickel titanium ( NiTi ) rotary file "'is an engine-driven tapered and pointed endodontic instrument made of nickel titanium alloy with cutting edges used to mechanically shape and prepare the root canals during endodontic therapy or to remove the root canal obturating material while performing retreatment.
