They are homologous with the antennae of Onychophora and the labrum of Arthropoda, and not homologous with the chelicerae of Chelicerata or the antennae of other arthropods.
12.
Dunn " et al . " in 2008 suggested that the tardigrada could be grouped along with the nematodes, leaving Onychophora as the sister group to the arthropods.
13.
He is a member of the Expert Panel that sets the Environmental Doomsday Clock; Onychophora Curator in the Encyclopedia of Life; and Team Member of the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
14.
"Microdictyon " and " Onychodictyon " are charismatic genera resembling Hallucigenia, but with net-like plates instead of spines; members of these genera fall in the stem lineages of Onychophora and of Tardigrada.
15.
Even where this trait has been secondarily lost ( such as in the onychophora ) the gene is still expressed, marking the'ghosts'of the shelly plates that the ancestral onychophora ( i . e . lobopods ) are thought to have borne.
16.
Even where this trait has been secondarily lost ( such as in the onychophora ) the gene is still expressed, marking the'ghosts'of the shelly plates that the ancestral onychophora ( i . e . lobopods ) are thought to have borne.
17.
The resemblance between " Peripatus " and " Aysheaia " ( an early Cambrian animal from the Burgess Shale ) would be striking ( both are classified in the Tardipolypoda, Tardigrada, and Onychophora ), were it not that " Aysheaia " was a marine animal, while " Peripatus " lives in tropical leaf mould.
18.
When excluding internal parasites, free living species in terrestrial environments are represented by the following ten phyla : Flatworms ( Planarians ), Nemertea ( ribbon worms ), Nematoda ( roundworms ), Rotifers, Tardigrada ( water bears ), Onychophora ( velvet worms ), Arthropods, mollusks ( gastropods : land snails and slugs ), Annelida and Chordata ( tetrapods ).
