The optical mode experiences a shift proportional to the mechanical displacement, which translates into a phase shift of the light transmitted through ( or reflected off ) the cavity.
12.
Optical mode laser time may not be as accurate over the long term, he said, but an optical clock will be consistent in defining the rate at which it counts time.
13.
The result of such a close relationship is a photonic molecule, whose optical modes bear a strong resemblance to the electronic states of a diatomic molecule like hydrogen ."
14.
However, other nature-inspired PM structures ( such as photonic benzene ) have been proposed and shown to support confined optical modes closely analogous to the ground-state molecular orbitals of their chemical counterparts.
15.
The entire epitaxial structure consists of several cascade stages that are sandwiched between two separate confinement layers ( SCLs ), with other materials enclosing the SCLs to provide optical waveguide so that the cascade stages amplify guided optical modes.
16.
At low temperatures ( where most optical modes with positive Gr�neisen parameters are still not excited ) the contribution from the negative Gr�neisen parameters will be dominant and thermal expansion coefficient ( which is directly proportional to Gr�neisen parameters ) negative.
17.
While earlier version of fiber-based laser traps exclusively used single mode beams, M . Kreysing and colleagues recently showed that the careful excitation of further optical modes in a short piece of optical fiber allows the realization of non-trivial trapping geometries.
18.
The validity of this approach relies on the possibility to tune the laser in such a way, that it populates a single optical mode only ( that implies that the spacing between the cavity modes needs to be sufficiently large ).
19.
Where \ omega _ c is the frequency of the optical mode, a is the mode annihilation operator, \ kappa is the mode linewidth, and \ bar { n } is the thermal occupation number of the photons in the bath, as given by the Bose Einstein distribution.
20.
Furthermore, scattering of photons to other modes is supposed to be negligible, which holds if the mechanical ( motional ) sidebands of the driven mode do not overlap with other cavity modes, i . e . if the mechanical mode frequency is smaller than the typical separation of the optical modes.
