| 11. | Woodward was a leading advocate of orthogenesis.
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| 12. | Others such as George Gaylord Simpson claimed Sinnott was promoting a theological version of orthogenesis.
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| 13. | He was also a proponent of orthogenesis.
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| 14. | The zoologist Charles Otis Whitman was an advocate of orthogenesis and rejected Lamarckism, Darwinism and mutationism.
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| 15. | Pierre Lecomte du No�y developed a teleological version of orthogenesis known as " telefinalism ".
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| 16. | The American ichthyologist Carl Leavitt Hubbs reviewed the book claiming Willis was advocating a form of orthogenesis:
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| 17. | To orthogenesis trends in evolution were often nonadaptive and in some cases species could be led to extinction.
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| 18. | Berg is most well known for his evolutionary theory called nomogenesis, which was a type of orthogenesis.
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| 19. | Osborn was a believer in orthogenesis, he coined the term " aristogenesis " for his theory.
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| 20. | Abel was an advocate of orthogenesis, he believed that there were trends in evolution that were internally programmed.
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