Their experiment used eight lists of paired associates, A-B and A-C . The pairs had the stimuli as consonant-vowel-consonant trigrams ( e . g ., dax ) and responses as adjectives.
12.
Based on retroactive interference, learning of A-B paired associates declined due to the learning of the subsequent A-C associates, and as a result, there was a higher rate of responses from list C by the participants on the recall test.
13.
Although primarily studied with motor skill learning task, contextual interference was originally reported in a verbal paired associates task ( Battig, 1966, 1972 ) and has been observed in other nonmotor tasks ( e . g ., Carlson et al ., 1989 ).
14.
In his study, participants learned paired associate words ( i . e . A 1-B 1, A 2-B 2, . . . A i-B i ) over multiple trials, until the learning of the A i-B i associates were perfected.
15.
The complementary index scores are the Naming Speed Index ( NSI ), designed to measure rapid automatized naming, and the Symbol Translation Index, designed to measure visual-verbal associative memory, which is sometimes termed visual-verbal paired associate learning in the published literature ( Wechsler, 2014 ).
16.
Following this, participants were given a new list of paired associates, where the second word of the pair was changed while the first word of the associate pair was kept the same ( A 1-C 1, A 2-C 2, . . . A i-C i ).
17.
In this paradigm, two lists of paired associates are learned in succession, and if the second set of associations ( List 2 ) constitutes a modification of the first set of associations ( List 1 ), negative transfer results and thus the learning rate of the second list is slower than the first list.
18.
This feature has allowed SAC to model a variety of memory phenomena, such as meta-cognitive ( rapid ) feeling of knowing judgments, remember-know judgments, the word frequency mirror effect, age-related memory loss perceptual fluency, paired associate recognition and cued recall, as well as account for implicit and explicit memory tasks without positing an unconscious memory system for priming.
