The soil forming process ( pedogenesis ) can begin without the aid of biology but is significantly quickened in the presence of biologic reactions.
12.
Over geolocic time, liquefaction of soil material due to earthquakes could provide a dense parent material in which the fragipan may develop through pedogenesis.
13.
Pedology deals with pedogenesis, soil morphology, and soil classification, while edaphology studies the way soils influence plants, fungi, and other living things.
14.
Ecosystem processes, such as primary production, pedogenesis, nutrient cycling, and various niche construction activities, regulate the flux of energy and matter through an environment.
15.
Any natural process that continues to act upon, maintain or modify either material or form ( for example tectonics, sediment transport, pedogenesis ) represents another aspect of geodiversity.
16.
He introduced the idea that geographical variations in soil type could be explained in relation not only to geological factors ( parent material ), but also to climatic and topographic factors, and the time available for pedogenesis ( soil formation ) to operate.
17.
Soil resilience should first be looked at in terms of soil formation and development ( pedogenesis ), a continuous process taking thousands of years this puts into context the short time that humans have so extensively utilised, changed and depended directly on soil.
18.
Pedogenesis is the result of five factors : the first two are parent material and topography, which are passive and contribute to soil mass and position; the next two are climate and the biosphere, which are active and supply the energy in soil formation.
19.
It affects pedogenesis either directly, by, for example, land levelling, trenching and embankment building for various purposes, organic matter enrichment from additions of manure or other waste, organic matter impoverishment due to continued cultivation, compaction from overgrazing or, indirectly, by drift of eroded materials or pollutants.
20.
Pedologists are now also interested in the practical applications of a good understanding of pedogenesis processes ( the evolution and functioning of soils ), like interpreting its environmental history and predicting consequences of changes in land use, while agronomists understand that the cultivated soil is a complex medium, often resulting from several thousands of years of evolution.
