Different dose calculation models are available, including pencil beam, convolution-superposition and monte carlo simulation, with precision versus computation time being the relevant trade-off.
12.
However, with a 3D radar this data is obtain by using either a cosecant squared pattern or a scanning on multiple angles with a pencil beam.
13.
In gamma-ray radiography the " mean free path " of a pencil beam of mono-energetic photons is the average distance a photon travels between collisions with atoms of the target material.
14.
Another three sources are : Hybrid theory for photon transport in tissue which is a combination of Diffusion theory and the Monte Carlo method all using, in part, pencil beam scanning.
15.
Raytheon's X-band, active-array SPY-3 Multi-Function Radar ( MFR ) offers superior medium to high altitude performance over other radar bands, and its pencil beams give it an excellent ability to focus in on targets.
16.
Having the pencil beams allows you to send the signals very fast, and not relying on just one of them allows you to move around, and you can do this whole thing at low power levels.
17.
Looking out along a narrow line of sight _ in what is called a " pencil beam " survey _ astronomers found that galaxies seemed to be bunched periodically, as though stellar matter were somehow congealing on the crests of waves.
18.
ATA also supports observations in multiple synthesized pencil beams at once, through a technique known as " multibeaming . " Multibeaming provides an effective filter for identifying false positives in SETI, since a very distant transmitter must appear at only one point on the sky.
19.
Given a specific physical quantity, " G ( x, y, z ) ", from a pencil beam in Cartesian space and a collimated light source with beam profile " S ( x, y ) ", a broad-beam response can be calculated using the following 2-D convolution formula:
20.
Hence, an isotropic antenna would have a noise temperature that is the average of all temperatures around the antenna; for a perfectly directional antenna ( with a pencil beam ), the antenna temperature will only depend on the temperature in which the antenna is " looking ".
