| 11. | Uncatalysed, the hydrolysis of peptide bonds is extremely slow, taking hundreds of years.
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| 12. | Proteins are polymer chains made of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds.
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| 13. | An example is glycylglycine, consisting of two glycine molecules joined by a peptide bond.
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| 14. | The phosphoric acid would act as a catalyst for the formation of peptide bonds.
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| 15. | However, not all peptide bonds are formed in this way.
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| 16. | These DNP-amino acids are moderately stable under acid hydrolysis conditions that break peptide bonds.
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| 17. | This condensation reaction yields the newly formed peptide bond and a molecule of water.
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| 18. | The amino acid residues are always joined by peptide bonds.
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| 19. | Note that water is required for normal peptide bond cleavage of the iminolactone intermediate.
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| 20. | Similar methods may be used to specifically cleave tryptophanyl, aspartyl, cysteinyl, and asparaginyl peptide bonds.
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