Experiments done on nuclear factor ?B ( NF?B ) nuclear translocation in human perineural invasion ( PNI ) revealed that an up-regulation of NF?B and its downstream target, PIM-2, were components of an antiapoptosis signaling cascade, which is associated with cancer cells in PNI . This cascade may regulate the inhibition of apoptosis . The study also showed that elevated levels of PIM2 have been associated with PNI . The PIM2 kinase has therefore emerged as a key drug target to restore apoptosis in drug resistant human cancers.