This type of deformation is known as twinning, which consists of the rearrangement of atomic planes without causing slip, or permanent deformation.
12.
In elastic deformation, objects show no permanent deformation after the stress has been removed from the system and return to their original state.
13.
If any benefit is seen from such a process, one plausible explanation is that thermal expansion causes minor but permanent deformation of the material.
14.
The yield point determines the limits of performance for mechanical components, since it represents the upper limit to forces that can be applied without permanent deformation.
15.
Initially, this works quite well, because the elasticity of the material is still sufficient, but material fatigue can set in and cause permanent deformations.
16.
The second type of parameter measures the " elastic limit ", the maximum stress that can arise in a material before the onset of permanent deformation.
17.
In coining, the top tool forces the material into the bottom die with 5 to 30 times the force of air bending, causing permanent deformation through the sheet.
18.
A foot of permanent deformation damage occurred at the steel frame on the south side, and three of the building's four elevators were damaged, with the support rails bent.
19.
Also, since working materials into the plastic range can lead to permanent deformation of the structure, additional analyses may be required at limit load to ensure no detrimental permanent deformations occur.
20.
Also, since working materials into the plastic range can lead to permanent deformation of the structure, additional analyses may be required at limit load to ensure no detrimental permanent deformations occur.
