This creates a proton motive force that is the net effect of a pH gradient and an electric potential gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
12.
Negatively charged molecules migrate through the pH gradient in the medium toward the " positive " end while positively charged molecules move toward the " negative " end.
13.
For example, it has an affinity toward light, higher temperatures, high humidity, low ionic concentrations, and the acidic side of the pH gradient.
14.
However, since alkaliphiles have a reversed pH gradient, it would seem that ATP production which is based on a strong proton motive force would be severely reduced.
15.
One is TPK 3, a potassium channel that is activated by Ca 2 + and conducts K + from the thylakoid lumen to the stroma which helps establish the pH gradient.
16.
For instance, within the model proposed by Bjellqvist and co-workers the pK's were determined between closely related immobilines, by focusing the same sample in overlapping pH gradients.
17.
As a particle moves towards the pole opposite of its charge it moves through the changing pH gradient until it reaches a point in which the pH of that molecules isoelectric point is reached.
18.
This creates a pH gradient where conditions are acidic ( i . e . higher concentrations of protons ) in the inner membrane space, and more basic ( i . e . low concentrations of protons ) in the mitochondrial matrix.
19.
This generates a pH gradient and a electrical potential across this membrane . " The energy is released as protons flow back across " . . . the membrane and down this gradient, through a large enzyme called ATP synthase.
20.
As protein electrophoresis is imprecise, A1AT phenotype is analysed by isoelectric focusing ( IEF ) in the pH range 4.5-5.5, where the protein migrates in a gel according to its isoelectric point or charge in a pH gradient.
