The amastigotes replicate in the most hostile part of the macrophage cell, inside the phagolysosome, whose normal defensive response they are able to prevent.
12.
For example, when a macrophage ingests a pathogenic microorganism, the pathogen becomes trapped in a phagosome which then fuses with a lysosome to form a phagolysosome.
13.
Phosphatidylinositol and Vps34-Beclin1 signalling pathways have been implicated to traffic the endocytosed phagosome to intracellular lysosomes, where fusion of the phagosome and the lysosome produces a phagolysosome.
14.
When granules fuse with a phagosome, myeloperoxidase is released into the phagolysosome, and this enzyme uses hydrogen peroxide and chlorine to create hypochlorite, a substance used in domestic bleach.
15.
The acidity of the phagolysosome is essential for " C . burnetii " to transport glucose, glutamate, proline and also for the synthesis of nucleic acids and proteins.
16.
In the Kupffer cells, most of the Gd 2 O 3 @ SWNHag was detected inside phagosomes, but some were in another cytoplasmic compartment that was most likely the phagolysosome.
17.
Activation of macrophages by IFN? from T h 1 helper cells in mycobacterial infections allows the macrophages to overcome the inhibition of phagolysosome maturation caused by mycobacteria ( to stay alive inside macrophages ).
18.
These organelles contain a plethora of degradative enzymes and antimicrobial peptides that are released into the phagolysosome, such as proteases, nucleases, phosphatases, esterases, lipases, and highly basic peptides.
19.
After diurnal disk-shedding and phagocytosis of outer segment by RPE cells, A2PE is hydrolyzed inside the RPE phagolysosome to form A2E . Accumulation of A2E causes toxicity at the primary RPE level and secondary photoreceptor destruction in macular degenerations.
20.
For example, following phagocytosis, the ingested particle ( or phagosome ) fuses with a lysosome containing hydrolytic enzymes to form a phagolysosome; the pathogens or food particles within the phagosome are then digested by the lysosome's enzymes.
