| 11. | The self-phase modulation-induced spectral broadening is generated in a single-mode optical fiber with a length L.
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| 12. | Pre-emphasis is employed in frequency modulation or phase modulation transmitters to equalize the modulating deviation ratio.
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| 13. | Other techniques, such as phase modulation or changing the phase of the carrier signal, are also used.
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| 14. | The S-band uplinks and downlinks usually ( but not always ) used phase modulation ( PM ).
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| 15. | Otherwise, the phase modulation would not work.
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| 16. | These observations and others led them to state that self-phase modulation was the dominant effect by some margin.
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| 17. | But the second marker ( and data bit ) is always preceded by 100 ms without any phase modulation.
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| 18. | Goodman uses this method to derive expressions for the diffraction pattern obtained with sinusoidal amplitude and phase modulation gratings.
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| 19. | These synthesizers, which used additive synthesis technology and phase modulation, were bulky and cumbersome, but were state-of-the-art at the time.
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| 20. | Later system developments have allowed ForthDD to enter markets such as 3D Optical Metrology and, using phase modulation, Super-resolution microscopy.
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