Brunel's general specifications gave the locomotive makers a free hand in design, although subject to certain constraints such as piston speed and axle load, resulting in a diverse range of locomotives of mixed quality.
12.
Since this is fixed, a compromise must be struck between ability to haul at low speed and the ability to run fast without inducing excessive piston speeds ( which would cause failure ) or the exhaustion of steam.
13.
For the nominal horsepower to equal the actual power it would be necessary for the mean steam pressure in the cylinder during the stroke to be and for the piston speed to be of the order of 54 75 m / min.
14.
According to Moyer engineer M . Power, the new motor developed 12 percent more power at per minute piston speed than the S . A . E . rating, while the maximum horsepower was developed at a piston speed of over per minute.
15.
According to Moyer engineer M . Power, the new motor developed 12 percent more power at per minute piston speed than the S . A . E . rating, while the maximum horsepower was developed at a piston speed of over per minute.
16.
In 1997, a Robinson R44 was piloted by Jennifer Murray for the first helicopter circumnavigation of the world by a woman, covering a distance of 36, 000 miles in 97 days ., an R44 holds the piston speed record of 227 km / h.
17.
The optimum for two pistons is found when one piston is travelling fastest at the same time the other has stopped; maximum piston speed occurs when the connecting rod and crank throw are at right angles, not when the crank throw is at 90?to the cylinder bore.
18.
The factor of 2 / 5 accounts for characteristics that were widely seen in engines at the time, such as a Mean effective pressure in the cylinder of 90psi ( 6.2 bar ) and a maximum piston speed of 1000 feet per minute ( 5 metres per second ).
