| 11. | These terms are no longer in use but have contributed to the current understanding of pleiotropy.
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| 12. | Williams ( 1957 ) proposed his own theory, called antagonistic " pleiotropy ".
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| 13. | There are three types of pleiotropy : molecular gene pleiotropy, developmental pleiotropy, and selectional pleiotropy.
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| 14. | There are three types of pleiotropy : molecular gene pleiotropy, developmental pleiotropy, and selectional pleiotropy.
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| 15. | There are three types of pleiotropy : molecular gene pleiotropy, developmental pleiotropy, and selectional pleiotropy.
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| 16. | There are three types of pleiotropy : molecular gene pleiotropy, developmental pleiotropy, and selectional pleiotropy.
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| 17. | Developmental pleiotropy is a mutational pleiotropy observing the relationships between mutations and different phenotypes, excluding fitness.
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| 18. | Developmental pleiotropy is a mutational pleiotropy observing the relationships between mutations and different phenotypes, excluding fitness.
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| 19. | In 1957, evolutionary biologist antagonistic pleiotropy contributes to the slow deterioration with age ( senescence ).
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| 20. | This was another setback for pleiotropy theory, though Rose maintains it may be an experimental artifact.
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