While the Jones matrix has eight independent parameters [ two Cartesian or polar components for each of the four complex values in the 2-by-2 matrix ], the absolute phase information is lost in the [ equation above ], leading to only seven independent matrix elements for a Mueller matrix derived from a Jones matrix.
12.
In the tg + tg " conformation, the inclination of dipoles to the chain axis leads to the polar components of both perpendicular ( 4.0 ?10 " 30 C-m per repeat ) and parallel to the chain ( 3.4 ?10 " 30 C-m per repeat ).
13.
First, one performs the standard sessile drop contact angle measurement for the solid in question and a liquid with a polar components of zero ( \ sigma _ L ^ P = 0; \ sigma _ L = \ sigma _ L ^ D ) The second step is to use a second probe liquid that has both a dispersive and a polar component to its surface energy, and then solve for the unknowns algebraically.
14.
First, one performs the standard sessile drop contact angle measurement for the solid in question and a liquid with a polar components of zero ( \ sigma _ L ^ P = 0; \ sigma _ L = \ sigma _ L ^ D ) The second step is to use a second probe liquid that has both a dispersive and a polar component to its surface energy, and then solve for the unknowns algebraically.
