Use of this inactivated poliovirus vaccine and subsequent widespread use of the oral poliovirus vaccine developed by Albert Sabin led to establishment of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative ( GPEI ) in 1988.
12.
In " The Cutter Incident ", Offit describes fallout relating to an early poliovirus vaccine tragedy that had the effect of deterring production of already licensed vaccines and discouraging the development of new ones.
13.
The " inactivated poliovirus vaccine " ( IPV ) developed by Jonas Salk and the " oral polio vaccine " ( OPV ) developed by Albert Sabin are landmarks in the history of vaccine development.
14.
The first industrial production and mass use of oral poliovirus vaccine ( OPV ) from Sabin strains was organized by Soviet scientist Mikhail Chumakov . This provided the critical impetus for allowing large-scale clinical trials of OPV in the United States in April 1960 on 180, 000 Cincinnati school children.
15.
The Salk vaccine, or inactivated poliovirus vaccine ( IPV ), is based on poliovirus grown in a type of monkey kidney tissue culture ( vero cell injection ), 90 % or more of individuals develop protective antibody to all three serotypes of poliovirus, and at least 99 % are immune to poliovirus following three doses.
