Both " Poekilopleuron " and " Lourinhanosaurus " were recovered outside the family, and many taxa within the Metriacanthosauridae were in polytomy.
12.
The subfamily was originally classified in 1930 by Carpenter as "'Agroecomyrmecini "', a Myrmicinae tribe . basal polytomy for all ants.
13.
These three taxa form a polytomy with " Chonecetus ", where the relationships of the four taxa cannot be more determined with the present resolution.
14.
A polytomy thus presents an analytical problem, but can usually be better studied with more flexible phylogenetic network software such as SplitsTree, which can represent some polytomies as median networks.
15.
A subsequent phylogenetic analysis conducted by Agnol�n and Novas ( 2011 ) recovered scansoriopterygids not as avialans, but as basal members of the clade Paraves remaining in unresolved polytomy with deinonychosaurs ).
16.
Typically, a node with very low support is not considered valid in further analysis, and visually may be collapsed into a polytomy to indicate that relationships within a clade are unresolved.
17.
However, the phylogenetic analysis in that paper resulted in Erpetosuchidae being part of a polytomy with the two main branches of Archosauria, Pseudosuchia and Avemetatarsalia, a distant position from Crocodylomorpha.
18.
Additionally, their phylogenetic analysis recovered " Noteosuchus " and " Mesosuchus " in a polytomy with " Howesia browni ", a result which is inconsistent with such synonymy.
19.
The researchers'cladistic diagram suggests that " E . primordialis " forms a polytomy with arthrodires, ptyctodonts, and all advanced gnathostomes ( namely bony fish, tetrapods, acanthodians, and chondrichthyes ).
20.
In biology, a "'polytomy "'is a section of a phylogeny in which the relationships cannot be fully resolved to dichotomies, thus presenting an unlikely picture of many apparently simultaneous temporally based branches.
