In formulating this view, and by also articulating his belief that criminology would always be an evolving and never a static science, he challenged both the main schools of criminology ( the Positivist school and the Classical school ) and their rigid, opposing ideologies.
12.
Sadr then explains the stance of the Positivist school of philosophy and labels it as an extension of the Empirical school that refutes philosophical propositions calling them " meaningless " because they are not subject to sense experience and related to what is beyond nature ( 68 ).
13.
In his " Esquisse d'une morale sans obligation ni sanction ", probably his most important work on moral theory, he begins from Fouill�e, maintaining that utilitarian and positivist schools, despite admitting the presence of an unknowable in moral theory, wrongly expel individual hypotheses directed towards this unknowable.
14.
The class structure was one of cultural isolationism; cultural relativity had not yet taken hold .'The persistence of the class structure, despite the welfare reforms and controls over big business, was unmistakable .'The Positivist School of Criminological thought was still dominant, and in many states, the sterilization movement was underway.
15.
It was the publication of Thomas Kuhn's " The Structure of Scientific Revolutions " in 1962, however, which fully opened the study of science to new disciplines by suggesting that the evolution of science was in part sociologically determined and that it did not operate under the simple logical laws put forward by the logical positivist school of philosophy.
