He is famous in the annals of forensic science for developing the species precipitin test, known as the Uhlenhuth test, which could distinguish human blood from animal blood in 1901, a discovery which had tremendous importance in criminal justice in the 20th century.
12.
Therefore, a graph that compares the quantities or concentrations of antigen in the original samples with the areas or the squares of the diameters of the precipitin circles on linear scales will usually be a straight line when all circles have reached their end points ( equivalence method ).
13.
Further, " C . immitis " was identified as the culprit of respiratory disorders previously called San Joaquin Valley fever, desert fever, and Valley fever, and a serum precipitin test was developed by Charles E . Smith that was able to detect an acute form of the infection.
14.
He and his collaborators Forrest E . Kendall and Elvin A . Kabat formulated a quantitative theory of precipitin and other immune reactions, which showed that such reactions unfolded in three distinct stages and which posited that antigens and antibodies were bi-or multivalent, meaning that they could combine in varying proportions.
15.
:: As explained at Precipitin, the antigen must be multivalent-if there's just one epitope per antigen, then it will react with an antibody, but it won't form a large gel-like complex; you'll have two dead-end epitopes stuck to one monomer antibody ( four to IgE, ten to IgM-see antibody.
