The primitive equations may be linearized to yield Laplace's tidal equations, an eigenvalue problem from which the analytical solution to the latitudinal structure of the flow may be determined.
12.
Later models substituted the geometric z coordinate with a pressure coordinate system, in which the geopotential heights of constant-pressure surfaces become dependent variables, greatly simplifying the primitive equations.
13.
The major role of atmospheric thermodynamics is expressed in terms of adiabatic and diabatic forces acting on air parcels included in primitive equations of air motion either as grid resolved or subgrid parameterizations.
14.
Examples are programs that solve the primitive equations, given energy input and energy dissipation in the form of scale-dependent friction, so that atmospheric waves with the highest wavenumbers are most attenuated.
15.
In 1955-56, Smagorinsky collaborated with John von Neumann, Jule Charney, and Norman Phillips to develop a 2-level, zonal hemispheric model using a subset of the primitive equations.
16.
If one assumes that the Coriolis coefficient " f " is constant along the right boundary conditions and the zonal wind speed is set equal to zero, then the primitive equations become the following:
17.
The primitive equations are identical to those used to develop the coastal Kelvin wave phase speed solution ( U-momentum, V-momentum, and continuity equations ) and the motion is unidirectional and parallel to the equator.
18.
Smagorinsky was among the earliest researchers who sought to exploit new methods of numerical weather prediction ( NWP ) to extend forecasting past one or two days . Smagorinsky published a seminal paper in 1963 on his research using primitive equations of atmospheric dynamics to simulate the atmosphere s circulation.
19.
More importantly, the quasi-geostrophic system reduces the five-variable primitive equations to a one-equation system where all variables such as { u _ g }, { v _ g } and { T } can be obtained from { q } or height { \ Phi }.
20.
Flow types # 1 to # 3 were studied using the primitives equations and application # 5 relies on the " spectral " equations for generation / propagation / dissipation of swell ( and / or wind sea ) : for this purpose " Gerris " makes use of the source terms from WaveWatchIII.
