Nocodazole is frequently used in cell biology laboratories to synchronize the spindle assembly checkpoint, causing the cell to arrest in prometaphase.
12.
At prometaphase when the nuclear membrane dissociates and spindle microtubules cross over the nuclear region, survivin stays put at the centromeres.
13.
Therefore, the early stages in the cell cycle, beginning in prophase and until around prometaphase, the nuclear membrane is dismantled.
14.
In prometaphase, the nuclear membrane breaks apart into numerous " membrane vesicles ", and the chromosomes inside form protein structures called kinetochores.
15.
In the absence of Plk1 function, bipolar spindle formation does not occur and cells arrest in prometaphase owing to Spindle Assembly Checkpoint activation.
16.
Specifically, Aurora B localizes to the chromosomes in prophase, the centromere in prometaphase and metaphase, and the central mitotic spindle in anaphase.
17.
Most notably, CENP-A is a target of Aurora B . The phosphorylation of CENP-A by Aurora B reaches a maximum in prometaphase.
18.
Localization of Aurora B to the centromere during prometaphase and metaphase requires phosphorylation of the mammalian kinetochore-specific histone-H3 variant centromere protein A ( CENP-A ).
19.
This surveillance mechanism assures correct segregation of chromosomes during cell division by detecting unaligned chromosomes and causing prometaphase arrest until the proper bipolar attachment of chromosomes is achieved . [ supplied by OMIM]
20.
All human autosomes have been identified and mapped by extracting the chromosomes from a cell arrested in metaphase or prometaphase and then staining them with some sort of dye ( most commonly chromosome 13.
