Among them was a proportional counter, known as the Rossi counter, which measures the energy deposited by radiation in microscopic sites like cells.
12.
The US portion of the Apollo-Soyuz mission ( July 1975 ) carried a proportional counter system sensitive to 0.18-0.28 and 0.6-10.0 keV X-rays.
13.
Important innovations in this earlier work were the adaptation and development of the X-ray proportional counter with pulse-height discrimination for use with X-ray diffraction.
14.
Multiwire proportional counters or solid-state counters are often used as detection medium, because they provide signals with pulse heights proportional to the ionization strength.
15.
The gas can be sealed in the chamber, or can be changed continuously, in which case they are known as " gas-flow proportional counters ".
16.
For both the gas proportional counter and liquid scintillation counter, what is measured is the number of beta particles detected in a given time period.
17.
This is in distinction to the Geiger-M�ller tube or the proportional counter whereby secondary electrons, and ultimately multiple avalanches, greatly amplify the original ion-current charge.
18.
Libby's method was soon superseded by gas proportional counters, which were less affected by bomb carbon ( the additional created by nuclear weapons testing ).
19.
In 1920, he generalized this idea to a cascaded voltage multiplier, and developed detection methods for charged particles ( proportional counter, British researchers discovered artificial radioactivity.
20.
From the use of the Gas Scintillation Proportional Counter ( GSPC ) on board EXOSAT, a catalog of iron lines from some 431 sources was made available.
