The life of a liverwort starts from the germination of a haploid spore to produce a protonema, which is either a mass of thread-like filaments or else a flattened thallus.
12.
The protonema is a transitory stage in the life of a liverwort, from which will grow the mature gametophore ( " gamete-bearer " ) plant that produces the sex organs.
13.
This is a transitory stage in the life of a moss, but from the protonema grows the gametophore ( " gamete-bearer " ) that is structurally differentiated into stems and leaves.
14.
Once the density of the culture has reached a certain threshold, the lack of nutrients and the increasing concentration of phytohormones in the medium triggers the differentiation of the protonema to the adult gametophyte.
15.
The moss life-cycle starts with a haploid spore that germinates to produce a protonema ( " pl . " protonemata ), which is either a mass of thread-like filaments or thalloid ( flat and thallus-like ).
16.
Despite some poor preparation and controversy over several choices-- Chrisye got the best male pop artist by beating the younger Harvey Malaiholo and Andre Hehanusa, and Protonema's Adinda won over Edane's Borneo for best rock song-- AMI did spark hope that Indonesian pop music is may be appreciated on its own merits.
