Robiquet obtained from madder root two distinct molecules with dye properties, the one producing a magnificent red, that he called alizarin, which proved as well extremely stable, and another, of less stable properties, that he called purpurin.
12.
The plant's roots contain several polyphenolic compounds, such as 1, 3-Dihydroxyanthraquinone ( purpuroxanthin ), 1, 4-Dihydroxyanthraquinone ( quinizarin ), 1, 2, 4-Trihydroxyanthraquinone ( purpurin ) and 1, 2-dihydroxyanthraquinone ( alizarin ).
13.
In 1869, Perkin found a method for the commercial production from anthracene of the brilliant red dye alizarin, which had been isolated and identified from purpurin, another red dye of lesser industrial interest, but the German chemical company BASF patented the same process one day before he did.
14.
In 1806, with Louis Nicolas Vauquelin ), cantharidin ( 1810 ), the Sigma-1 receptor agonist noscapine ( 1817 ), caffeine ( 1821 ), alizarin ( later on moved to mass industrial production by Carl Gr�be and Carl Theodore Liebermann in Germany, and by William Henry Perkin in Great Britain ) and purpurin ( 1826 ), Orcin ( 1829 ), amygdalin ( 1830 ), as well as codeine ( 1832 ).
