| 11. | Quinolinic acid is a downstream product of the kynurenine pathway, which metabolizes the amino acid tryptophan.
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| 12. | Quinolinic acid has a potent neurotoxic effect.
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| 13. | COX-2 inhibitors, such as licofelone have also demonstrated protective properties against the neurotoxic effects of quinolinic acid.
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| 14. | The quinolinic acid produced in microglia is then released and stimulates NMDA receptors resulting in excitatory neurotoxiticity.
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| 15. | Neurological changes produced by quinolinic acid injections include altered levels of glutamate, GABA, and other amino acids.
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| 16. | Norharmane suppresses the production of quinolinic acid, 3-hydroxykynurenine and nitric oxide synthase, thereby acting as a neuroprotectant.
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| 17. | Quinolinic acid is a byproduct of the kynurenine pathway, which is responsible for catabolism of tryptophan in mammals.
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| 18. | Levels of quinolinic acid in the CSF of AIDS-dementia can be up to twenty times higher than normal.
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| 19. | This action is in opposition to the agonist quinolinic acid, another kynurenine, noted for its potential as a neurotoxin.
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| 20. | Lesions in the pallidum can suppress effects of quinolinic acid in monkeys injected with quinolinic acid into their striatum.
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