Under his direction, " Guide " both tested her new echo sounder's ability to make accurate depth soundings and conducted radio acoustic ranging experiments in cooperation with the United States Army Coast Artillery Corps.
12.
Under his direction, " Guide " both tested her new echo sounder's ability to make accurate depth soundings and conducted radio acoustic ranging experiments in cooperation with the U . S . Army Coast Artillery Corps.
13.
In deep waters, such as those that prevailed in the Pacific Ocean along the United States West Coast, the Coast and Geodetic Survey could rely upon shore stations to support radio acoustic ranging because the deep water allowed sound to travel to the coast.
14.
The first non-visual method of navigation in human history, and the first that could be used at any time of day or night and in any weather conditions, radio acoustic ranging was a major step forward in the development of modern navigation systems.
15.
Along the United States East Coast, where shallower waters prevailed, sound had greater difficulty in reaching the coast, and the Coast and Geodetic Survey relied more heavily on anchored manned station ships, and later unmanned moored buoys, to support radio acoustic ranging.
16.
Before she reached San Diego later in December 1923, she had accumulated much data beneficial to the study of the movement of sound waves through water and measuring their velocity under varying conditions of salinity, density, and temperature, information essential both to depth-finding and radio acoustic ranging.
17.
Chronographs recorded times to the hundredth of a second, and the crew of a ship using radio acoustic ranging could determine their ship2 s distance from the remote hydrophone stations to within 50 feet ( 15 meters ), allowing them to plot their ship2 s position with great accuracy for the time.
18.
When " Guide " was commissioned in 1923, Heck had her based at New London, Connecticut, and arranged for her under his direction both to test her new echo sounder's ability to make accurate depth soundings and to conduct radio acoustic ranging experiments in cooperation with the U . S . Army Coast Artillery Corps.
19.
With sound waves traveling from the point of the explosion to the distant hydrophones at about 0.8 nautical mile ( 1.5 km ) per second, ships occasionally used radio acoustic ranging at distances of over 200 nautical miles ( 370 km ) between ship and hydrophone station, and distances of 75 to 100 nautical miles ( 139 to 185 km ) were common.
20.
"Explorer " had two 1, 500-U . S .-gallon ( 1, 249-Imperial-gallon; 5, 678-liter ) tanks for gasoline and diesel oil for the fleet of 16 boats she operated, consisting of four 30-foot ( 9.1-meter ) heavy magazine for the storage of explosives used in radio acoustic ranging operations.
