Another infrequent effect is that of reduplicative paramnesia, in which patients believe that the location in which they currently reside is a replica of one located somewhere else.
12.
Reduplicative paramnesia has been reported in the context of a number of neurological disorders, including stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, tumor, dementia, encephalopathy and various psychiatric disorders.
13.
Several symbols occurring together with + in the middle indicates that reduplication occurs; the symbols on each side of + indicate the shape of each syllable of the reduplicative stem.
14.
Vietnamese has several different types of reduplicative patterns including both total, partial, initial, final, rhyming, and alliterative patterns involving only reduplicated material or both reduplicated material and affixation.
15.
Also, the lax allophone may arise optionally in open syllables through dissimilation as in " toupie "'spinning top'or, especially in reduplicative forms such as " pipi "'pee-pee'or.
16.
Reduplication, the process of creating a new word by repeating either a whole word or part of a word, is very productive in Vietnamese ( as in other Austro-Asiatic languages ), although not all reduplicative patterns remain fully productive.
17.
Early psychodynamic explanations suggested that reduplicative paramnesia was not directly connected to brain injury, but arises from a motivated denial of illness, particularly, as Weinstein and Kahn claimed, in those that regard illness as a " imperfection, weakness or disgrace ".
18.
Additionally, " left hemisphere lesions result in an omissive response bias or error pattern whereas right hemisphere lesions result in a commissive response bias or error pattern . " The delusional misidentification syndromes, reduplicative paramnesia and Capgras delusion are also often the result of right hemisphere lesions.
19.
Most of these 21 headings are self-explanatory semantic fields, with the exceptions of 13 " Jiji " for miscellaneous words written with a single character, 14 " Jkten " reduplicative compounds ( e . g ., " ji-ji"
20.
The term " reduplicative paramnesia " was first used in 1903 by psychiatrist Arnold Pick to describe a condition in a patient with suspected Alzheimer's disease who insisted that she had been moved from Pick's city clinic, to one she claimed looked identical but was in a familiar suburb.
