Lasers mounted on the car establish a reference plane parallel with the driving surface, and computers record every deviation, every twitch of the chassis.
12.
It is the extra loss produced by the introduction of the device under test ( DUT ) between the 2 reference planes of the measurement.
13.
The star is the point of interest, the reference plane is the horizon or the surface of the sea, and the reference vector points north.
14.
Here S _ { 11 } and S _ { 21 } are two of the DUT between the 2 reference planes of the measurement.
15.
Today, the reference plane for an azimuth is typically true north, measured as a 0?azimuth, though other angular units ( mil ) can be used.
16.
For positions on the Earth or other solid celestial body, the reference plane is usually taken to be the plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation.
17.
Warp is the difference between the maximum and the minimum distances of the median surface of a free, un-clamped wafer from the reference plane defined above.
18.
The orbital plane is defined in relation to a reference plane by two parameters, inclination ( i ) and longitude of the ascending node ( ? ).
19.
If " ? " measures elevation from the reference plane instead of inclination from the zenith the arccos above becomes an arcsin, and the and below become switched.
20.
The ray tracing technique is based on two reference planes, called the " input " and " output " planes, each perpendicular to the optical axis of the system.
