The length of a segment can be determined by measuring the position of the end points of the branch in 3-dimensional space from an external reference position.
12.
Potential energy is defined as the work done " against a given force " in changing the position of an object with respect to a reference position, often taken to be infinite separation.
13.
The electrostatic potential energy, " U E ", of one point charge " q " at position "'r "'in the presence of a point charge " Q ", taking an infinite separation between the charges as the reference position, is:
14.
The language is predominantly verb-final; the organization of the constituents in the clause is usually SV / AOV . Grammatical relations are expressed through pronouns cross-referencing on the verb ( with one cross-referencing position : the subject S / A ).
15.
:: : : : : Ah yes thank you the first half of that is what I was trying to say when I said that velocities are equally meaningless without a reference position-- C "'19 : 12, 18 October 2006 ( UTC)
16.
Indeed, the position of a rigid body can be viewed as a hypothetic translation and rotation ( roto-translation ) of the body starting from a hypothetic reference position ( not necessarily coinciding with a position actually taken by the body during its motion ).
17.
Where " N " is the number of particles to be averaged, x _ n ( 0 ) = x _ 0 is the reference position of each particle, x _ n ( t ) is the position of each particles in determined time " t ".
18.
To obtain flat spectral baselines close to the Galactic plane where emission typically covers a large range in velocity, spectra were acquired by position switching every 15 s between the source position ( ON ) and two emission-free reference positions ( OFFs ) selected by the telescope control program to straddle the ON in elevation.
19.
The localisation of a virtual source, based on level differences between two loudspeakers to the side of a listener, shows great inconsistency across the standardised 5.1 setup, also being largely affected by movement away from the reference position . 5.1 surround is therefore limited in its ability to convey 3D sound, making the surround channels more appropriate for ambience or effects .)
