| 11. | The nominal level and the reference voltage against which it is expressed depend on the line level being used.
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| 12. | During the run-down phase, the switch selects the reference voltage as the input to the integrator.
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| 13. | The inputs are an unknown voltage and a reference voltage, usually referred to as v u and v r.
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| 14. | All scope probes contain some facility for grounding ( earthing ) the probe to the circuit's reference voltage.
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| 15. | In the case of the basic design, the output of the converter is in terms of the reference voltage.
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| 16. | Each single comparator detects the common input voltage against one of two reference voltages, normally upper and lower limits.
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| 17. | This particular circuit uses an LM431 adjustable divider of R 1 and R 2 provide the reference voltage for the LM431.
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| 18. | A front end processor provides a reference voltage, measures the output of the network, and calculates the dew point.
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| 19. | The output of the comparator is used by the converter's controller to decide which reference voltage should be applied.
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| 20. | While the nominal levels themselves vary, only two reference voltages are common : for consumer applications, and for professional applications.
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