| 11. | Any stimulus that increases the likelihood of a behavior increasing is a reinforcer.
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| 12. | Actions that affect behavior through intimidation, fear or avoidance are called negative reinforcers.
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| 13. | Regarding the giving of praise by teachers, praise is a reinforcer for students.
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| 14. | Much subsequent research in many labs examined the effects on behaviors of scheduling reinforcers.
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| 15. | The first problem is that it does not explain how secondary reinforcers reduce drive.
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| 16. | This may be a larger reinforcer at a later time or a smaller immediate reinforcer.
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| 17. | This may be a larger reinforcer at a later time or a smaller immediate reinforcer.
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| 18. | As with primary reinforcers, an organism can experience satiation and deprivation with secondary reinforcers.
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| 19. | As with primary reinforcers, an organism can experience satiation and deprivation with secondary reinforcers.
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| 20. | "It's been a good reinforcer for staying with safe sex,"
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