The difference between the potential energy of the actual structure ( the resonance hybrid ) and that of the contributing structure with the lowest potential energy is called the " resonance energy ".
12.
Because they are resonance hybrids of two nonequivalent forms, enolate ions can be looked at either as vinylic alkoxides ( C = C-O " ) or as ?-ketocarbanions ( " C-C = O ).
13.
A resonance hybrid has a " structure " that is intermediate between the contributing structures; the total quantity of " potential energy ", however, is lower than the intermediate and the molecule is said to be " stabilized by resonance " or " resonance-stabilized ".
14.
Expressing resonance when drawing Lewis structures may be done either by drawing each of the possible resonance forms and placing double-headed arrows between them or by using dashed lines to represent the partial bonds ( although the latter is a good representation of the resonance hybrid which is not, formally speaking, a Lewis structure ).
15.
The diatomic superoxide ion has an overall charge of " 1, so each of its two oxygen atoms is assigned an oxidation state of ", This ion can be described as a resonance hybrid of two Lewis structures, where each oxygen has oxidation state 0 in one structure and " 1 in the other.
