| 11. | However, in species that do not produce resting spores, other structures serve as the overwintering stage.
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| 12. | Resting spores may also be formed as a response to unfavourable environmental conditions with germination occurring when conditions improve.
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| 13. | The chlamydospores, as the resting spores, survive the longest in the soils, usually under cold conditions.
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| 14. | Upon release from the germinated resting spore, zoospores seek out a suitable substrate for growth using chemotaxis or phototaxis.
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| 15. | The fungus also produces resting spores ( chlamydospores ) that can persist in soil for a long period of time.
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| 16. | In 1989, cadavers of gypsy moths found hanging on tree trunks revealed large resting spores characteristic of entomophthoralean fungi.
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| 17. | For example, the resting spore of " S . endobioticum " remains viable for 30 or more years.
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| 18. | It is generally accepted that the resulting zygote forms a resting spore, which functions as a means of surviving adverse conditions.
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| 19. | In autumn, the warts rot and disintegrate, releasing new thick-walled resting spores of the fungus into the soil.
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| 20. | However, the presence of zoospores, plasmodia, zoosporangia, and resting spores have been observed in the field and lab.
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