It is very useful in understanding species distribution through factors such as speciation, extinction, continental drift, glaciation, variation of sea levels, river capture and available resources.
12.
This younger river captured the older river, Reynolds said, established its present course and then carved the Grand Canyon only four million to six million years ago.
13.
In October, 1862 a Union naval patrol on the southern Mississippi River captured 1, 500 head of Longhorns which had been destined for Confederate military posts in Louisiana.
14.
None of the river capture events that allowed native fish of the Murray-Darling system to cross into and colonise these East Coast river systems seem to have formed permanent linkages.
15.
Though beaten three times at Kazan by tsarist troops, Pugachev escaped by the Volga, and gathered new forces as he went down the west bank of the river capturing main towns.
16.
After crossing the Great Dividing Range, drops in sea level during glacial periods ( ice ages ) and / or " lateral " river capture events linked these four coastal rivers at times, allowing freshwater cod to gain access to these rivers and colonise them.
17.
Macquarie perch are found in the eastern coastal Shoalhaven and Hawkesbury-Nepean river systems as well as the Murray-Darling Basin, indicating that, as with some other native fish genera in south-eastern Australia, Macquarie perch have managed to cross the Great Dividing Range through natural river capture / connection events.
18.
Like many other Murray-Darling native fish species, western carp gudgeon have crossed the Great Dividing Range through natural river capture events and are found in a number of East Coast drainages, from the Hunter River system in northern New South Wales to the Fitzroy River system in central Queensland.
19.
Several studies have discussed the reasons for the avulsion of the river into its present course, and have suggested a number of reasons including tectonic activity, switches in upstream course of the Teesta River, the influence of increased discharge, catastrophic floods and river capture into an old river course.
20.
All naturally occurring " Maccullochella " cod in east coast drainages ultimately originate from Murray cod, " Maccullochella peelii " that entered an east coast river system, likely the Clarence, via a natural river capture event somewhere between 0.62 and 1.62 million years ago ( mean estimate 1.1 million years ago ), as estimated by DNA divergence rates.
