| 11. | These two electronic applications account for 50 % of the ruthenium consumption.
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| 12. | A minor application of ruthenium is its use in some platinum alloys.
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| 13. | Of the metals shown, ruthenium is the most radioactive.
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| 14. | Ruthenium is quite costly, which makes it impractical for commercial applications.
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| 15. | The same structure is adopted by the tribromides of ruthenium and technetium.
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| 16. | This same trend appears for ruthenium but not osmium.
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| 17. | Fountain pen nibs are frequently tipped with ruthenium alloy.
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| 18. | Copper can be directly electroplated onto ruthenium, in contrast to tantalum nitride.
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| 19. | The atomic structure of metal substrates including ruthenium, iridium, nickel and copper
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| 20. | Ruthenium is another metal source that has been used in Suzuki coupling reaction.
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