The right heart is a low-pressure system, so the P2 component of the second heart sound is usually softer than the A2 component of the second heart sound.
12.
Other typical signs of pulmonary hypertension include an accentuated pulmonary component of the second heart sound, a right ventricular third heart sound, and parasternal heave indicating a hypertrophied right atrium.
13.
Occasionally, a pleural friction rub may be audible over the affected area of the lung ( mostly in PE with pulmonary component of the second heart sound, and / or raised jugular venous pressure.
14.
An opening snap that is a high-pitch additional sound may be heard after the A 2 ( aortic ) component of the second heart sound ( S 2 ), which correlates to the forceful opening of the mitral valve.
15.
The second part ( the dubb ) of the " lubb-dubb " ( the " second heart sound ", or S 2 ), is caused by the closure of the aortic and pulmonary valves at the end of ventricular systole.
16.
"' Isovolumic relaxation time "'( IVRT ) is an interval in the cardiac cycle, from the aortic component of the second heart sound, that is, closure of the aortic valve, to onset of filling by opening of the mitral valve.
17.
According to a meta analysis, the most useful findings for ruling in aortic stenosis in the clinical setting were slow rate of rise of the carotid pulse ( positive likelihood ratio ranged 2.8 & ndash; 130 across studies ), mid to late peak intensity of the murmur ( positive likelihood ratio, 8.0 & ndash; 101 ), and decreased intensity of the second heart sound ( positive likelihood ratio, 3.1 & ndash; 50 ).
